Understanding Angina: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

What is Angina?

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. It occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, limiting oxygen supply to the heart.

Causes and Risk Factors

Angina is primarily caused by coronary artery disease (CAD). Several factors increase the risk, including:

• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels
• Diabetes
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Obesity
• Family history of heart disease

Types of Angina

1. Stable Angina

     This is the most common type and occurs during physical activity or emotional stress. It usually improves with rest or medication like nitroglycerin

2. Unstable Angina

     This is more severe and can occur even at rest. It lasts longer, may worsen over time, and can indicate an impending heart attack.

3. Microvascular Angina

Also known as Cardiac Syndrome X, this type affects smaller arteries and is harder to diagnose.

Symptoms of Angina

Angina symptoms vary but often include:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Tightness or pressure in the chest
• Pain radiating to the arms, shoulders, jaw, or back
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea and dizziness
• Cold sweat

Diagnosis and Tests

To diagnose angina, doctors may recommend:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Stress test
• Blood tests to check cholesterol and hemoglobin levels
• Echocardiography
• Coronary angiography
• MRI or CT scans

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes

Maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle is crucial for preventing and managing angina. Recommendations include:

• Eating a balanced diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Quitting smoking
• Managing stress effectively
• Controlling blood pressure and diabetes

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of angina and may include:

• Medications: Nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and aspirin
• Lifestyle modifications: Diet and exercise improvements
• Medical procedures: Angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery in severe cases

When to Seek Medical Help

     If you experience prolonged chest pain, shortness of breath, or other severe symptoms, seek immediate medical attention as these could be signs of a heart attack.

Conclusion

Angina is a warning sign of heart disease that should not be ignored. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, recognizing symptoms early, and seeking medical advice can help manage and prevent serious complications. Always consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.