Rubella Infection: Symptoms, Risks & Prevention – A Global Health Perspective

What is Rubella Infection?

Rubella, also known as German Measles, is a viral disease that primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or shares personal items. Although often mild in children, it can pose severe risks to pregnant women.

Symptoms of Rubella

• Mild fever


• Pink or red rash (starting from the face and spreading to the body)


• Swollen lymph nodes (behind the ears and neck)


• Joint pain (more common in women)


• Fatigue


• Headache


• Sore throat


• Eye redness

The symptoms usually last 2-3 days, and some people may have no symptoms at all.

Why is Rubella Dangerous During Pregnancy?

If a woman contracts Rubella during the first trimester, there is a high risk of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in the baby. CRS can cause:

• Heart defects


• Hearing loss


• Vision problems (such as cataracts)


• Developmental delays


• Growth problems

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), thousands of babies are born with CRS every year, particularly in countries with low vaccination rates.

How is Rubella Diagnosed?

Doctors can confirm Rubella through:

• Blood tests to detect IgM and IgG antibodies


• PCR tests to identify the virus in the body

Treatment for Rubella

There is no specific treatment for Rubella. Supportive care includes:

• Rest


• Hydration


• Paracetamol for fever and pain


• Anti-inflammatory medicines for joint pain

Rubella Prevention – The Power of Vaccination

The best protection against Rubella is the MMR vaccine, which protects against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella.

Vaccination Schedule

Age Group	Dose
12-15 months	First Dose
4-6 years	Second Dose

Rubella & Global Health Goals

Global health organizations, including WHO, are working to eliminate Rubella through mass immunization programs. Many countries have eradicated the virus, but low vaccination coverage in some regions still poses a risk.

Important Tips for Pregnant Women

• Get tested for Rubella immunity before pregnancy.


• If not immune, get vaccinated at least 4 weeks before conception.


• Avoid close contact with infected individuals during pregnancy.

Conclusion

Rubella is a preventable disease, but its impact on unborn babies makes it a significant health concern. By raising awareness and promoting vaccination, we can work towards a world free from Rubella.